Answer (1 of 14): There were many tactics to stop a tiger tank. The Battle of Prokhorovka was one of the largest tank battles in military history. As the war dragged on, Germany's money and resources depleted. 159,144 Anti-tank guns and Artillery destroyed or captured. This jammed the turret and effectively prevented the Tiger from fighting. [59], As a result of its thick frontal armour, flanking manoeuvres were most often used against the Tiger II to attempt a shot at the thinner side and rear armour, giving a tactical advantage to the Tiger II in most engagements. [notes 2] The chassis was also the basis for the Jagdtiger turretless Jagdpanzer anti-tank vehicle. T-34-76 (Model 1941) (26 tonnes) at Aberdeen Proving Grounds in 1987. The Tiger I was a German heavy tank that saw extensive service during World War II. One Porsche version had a gasoline-electric drive (fundamentally identical to a Diesel-electric transmission, only using a gasoline-fueled engine as the prime mover), similar to a gasoline-electric hybrid but without a storage battery; two separate drivetrains in parallel, one per side of the tank, each consisting of a hybrid drive train; gasoline engineelectric generatorelectric motordrive sprocket. The capture of three operational Tiger IIs allowed the Soviets to conduct tests at Kubinka and to evaluate its strengths and weaknesses[48]. And, as Military History Visualized reveals, an effective tankthough perhaps not as great as history tends to portray it. 267 and Sd.Kfz. The complete route of combat (250km) was covered without any major mechanical breakdowns. "World War II: Tiger I Tank." The 8.8 cm KwK 43 gave positive results in penetration and accuracy, which were on par with the 122mm D-25T. To give you a general sense, in April of 1945 the Germans have about 90 tanks on all of the Western Front. Sledgehammers: Strengths and Flaws of Tiger Tank Battalions in World War II. Germany and the Soviet Union built the best tanks of World War II. While many of the combat losses are not specified, it is clear from the numbers above that the common myth about Allied aircrafts being the scourge of the Tiger tank has no basis in fact. In the years since World War II, much mythmaking has mucked up history with various often incredible claims about the effectiveness of certain weapons. Due to slow production rates at the factories, incorporation of these modifications could take several months, meaning it took about twice as long to build a Tiger I as other German tanks. It was believed to have had turret number 123, but Colonel Michel Aubry, the founder of the museum, decided to put 233 on the turret in honour of the Tiger II that destroyed his Sherman tank at the end of the war. [15] Both prototype series used the same turret design from Krupp; the main differences were in the hull, transmission, suspension and automotive features.[15]. (German: schwere Panzerabteilungen), were elite battalion-sized World War II tank units, equipped with Tiger . "German Tanks of World War II". This equipment was located on the rear decking in a position originally used for deep-wading equipment. The Tiger was shrouded in secrecy only the German army knew how it worked, and on Hitlers orders, disabled Tiger tanks had to be destroyed on the spot to prevent the Allies from gaining intelligence about them. In early 1944, they began production of the T-34-85 which possessed an 85 mm gun capable of dealing with the Tiger's armor. Another design contract followed in 1939, and was given to Porsche. That Tiger IIs had managed to make this same trip in the winter was indeed an impressive testimony to both their maneuverability and mobility. facebook.com/jack.beckett.73 instagram.com/history_bloke_on_a_bike/ linkedin.com/in/jack-beckett-56a76520/. The Tiger I saw service until the end of the war despite the arrival of the Tiger II in 1944. So, do you mean how many Tigers were destroyed in During the transfer, the two tanks suffered from various mechanical breakdowns; the cooling system was insufficient for the excessively hot weather, where the engine tended to overheat and cause a consequential failure of the gearbox. However, Soviet testing contradicted this as they found that the frontal glacis could be destroyed by firing 34 shots at the weld joints from the ranges of 500600m[57] which were found to be inferior in quality to that of previous German designs like the Tiger I or Panther. Prior to the invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II, the German armed forces were not aware of two newly developed Soviet tanks, the T-34 and the KV. The Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger tank was a German heavy tank that served on the Eastern Front, Western Front, and in North Africa during World War II. In these battles the Tiger II Ausf B has performed remarkably well regarding armour, armament and mechanical reliability. Panther & its variants by Walter J. Spielberger p. 276. The Porsche suspension components were later used on a few of the later Jagdtiger tank destroyers. Losses of 5th Army (Sicily, Italy): 3,377 armored vehicles, including 1,171 M4s. All tanks, everything, Panthers, Panzer IV, Tigers. Production and losses of tanks > Soviet and German production and losses of tanks on the Russian Front from 1941 to 1945 and could the Red Army have won. Work progressed as World War II began with the design morphing into the VK4501 project. [46] Because these German tanks suffered ammunition explosions, which caused many crew fatalities, main gun rounds were no longer allowed to be stowed within the turret, reducing capacity to 68. And how did the invasion impact on Germanys eventual defeat? Transverse torsion bar suspension supported the hull on nine axles per side. Germans may have had to leave them behind after destroying them. Also, German equipment was so finely engineered that they were too The number of Tigers in Africa is too small to make any strong conclusions. Tiger I tank under construction at Henschel plant. 40/43 projectile between the same ranges. For power, the Tiger I featured a 641 hp, 21-litre, 12-cylinder Maybach HL 210 P45 engine. A journey of 60 miles could use 150 gallons of fuel. The Father of History: Who Was Herodotus. 25,762 Panzer I - 1493 " II - 1856 " III - 5774 " IV - 8800 Panther - 6000 Tiger I - 1347 Tiger II - 492. Or it may simply be a Propaganda The firing test against the Tiger B turret front, however, was conducted after removal of the gun and mantlet, and resulted in penetrations close to armour openings, such as vision slits and gun location. (Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-022-2935-24 / CC). The transmission was the Maybach OLVAR OG 40 12 16 Model B, giving eight forward gears and four reverse, which drove the steering gear. In May 1943, the Soviets fielded the SU-152 self-propelled gun which used in an anti-tank role proved highly effective. It was only used by South African forces, mostly in Eastern Africa during WW2. It was believed to have been abandoned by its crew on 23 August 1944, due to engine problems, at Brueil-en-Vexin, near Mantes-la-Jolie. This analysis seeks to create a better foundation for determining the truth of such claims. First fielded in 1942, the Tiger was meant to forge breakthroughs on the battlefield, destroying enemy tanks at long range while shrugging off hits from lesser Allied anti-tank guns. Production on the Tiger began in August 1942 in order to rush the new tank to the front. The direction and speed of traverse was controlled by the gunner through pedals, or a control lever near his left arm. The first was to restart production of the 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun which possessed the penetrative power pierce the Tiger's armor. Like all German tanks, the Tiger II had a petrol engine; in this case the same 700 PS (690hp, 515kW) V-12 Maybach HL 230 P30 which powered the much lighter Panther and Tiger I tanks. Each Tiger cost over 250,000 marks to manufacture. Zaloga, Steven. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1972-064-61 / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Writer on Defense and Security issues, lives in San Francisco. The M1917, the United States' first mass-produced tank, was based on the French Renault. There are few photographs of these vehicles, only active with the UDF during the east African campaign of 1940-1941. Get time period newsletters, special offers and weekly programme release emails. Tiger. During July 1944 the 630th Tank Destroyer Battalion claimed fifty-three German tanks and fifteen self-propelled guns destroyed in exchange for seventeen Hellcats. This proved a particular problem in the cold weather on the Eastern Front. [47] Up to fourteen Tiger IIs of the 501st were destroyed or captured in the area between 11 and 14 August to ambushes and flank attacks by both Soviet T-34-85 and IS-2 tanks, and ISU-122 assault guns in inconvenient sandy terrain. It had a rear-mounted engine and used nine steel-tired, eighty-centimeter-diameter overlapping road wheels per side with internal springing, mounted on transverse torsion bars, in a similar manner to the original Henschel-designed Tiger I. Any other battlefield machine produced in such limited numbers would be quickly forgotten, but the Tigers impressive combat performance was worth it. Tigers suffered a large number of non-combat losses, however, as the chaos of wartime and the Tigers mechanical finickiness chipped away at the number of deployable tanks. These carried only 63 rounds of 8.8cm ammunition to provide room to accommodate the extra radios and equipment,[8] and had additional armour on the engine compartment. According to Heinz Guderian (supplied by Q.M.G of the General Staff of the Army): Total 33,324 tanks, assault guns, tank destroyers, self-propelled guns, armored personnel carriers and armored cars lost on the Eastern Front from 22/6/1941 until November 1944. [60] Moreover, the main armament of the Tiger II was capable of knocking out any Allied tank frontally at ranges exceeding 2.5 kilometres (1.6mi), well beyond the effective range of Allied tank guns. [19] Two turret designs were used in production vehicles. This system allowed for very precise control of powered traverse, a light touch on the pedal resulting in a minimum traverse speed of 0.1 deg/sec (360 degrees in 60 min), unlike in most other tanks of the time (e.g. Hearst Magazine Media, Inc. All Rights Reserved. [49] At least 150 Tiger IIs were present, nearly a third of total production; most were lost over the course of the offensive. Cause Tiger I Tiger II Total; Africa; Combat: 6-6: Non-combat: 25-25: Total: 31-31: Italy; Combat . [50], Some Tiger IIs were also present during the Soviet VistulaOder[51] and East Prussian Offensives in January 1945,[52] as well as the German Lake Balaton Offensive in Hungary in March 1945,[53] the Battle of the Seelow Heights in April 1945, and the Battle of Berlin at the end of the war. In July 1944 the Germans had over 1,500 tanks in Normandy and several hundred in other theatres such as Italy and the Balkans. Wheel and track maintenance on the Tiger I tank in muddy conditions (Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-310-0899-15 / CC). The tank weighed almost 70 tonnes, and was protected by 100 to 185mm (3.9 to 7.3in) of armour to the front. The authors paid a visit to the Tiger II (Fgst.Nr. Christopher W. Wilbeck. Up to fourteen Tiger IIs of the 501st were destroyed or captured in the area between 11 and 14 August to ambushes and flank attacks by both Soviet T-34-85 and IS-2 tanks, . The Tiger was in production for two years, from July 1942 to August 1944. It was also known informally as the Knigstiger[8] (German for Bengal tiger and also, literally, "King Tiger"). . Tank Spotter's Guide, Bovington 2011 p. 63. [12], The Tiger II was issued to heavy tank battalions of the Army and the Waffen-SS. In January 1945 the Entwicklungskommission Panzer unanimously decided that HL234 be immediately included in the engine design and procurement program. (Image Credit: Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1972-064-61 / CC). [44], The first combat use of the Tiger II was by the 1st Company of the 503rd Heavy Panzer Battalion (s.H.Pz.Abt. [27] Only 492 units were produced: one in 1943, 379 in 1944, and 112 in 1945. It proved capable of passing completely through its "colleague", a Tiger Ausf B's turret at a range of 400 m. The armour of one vehicle was tested by firing at it with shells between 100 and 152mm calibre. How many tiger tanks were destroyed in combat? Tiger tank constructed at the Henschel plant is loaded onto a special rail car, 1942. And no countrys wartime record is more muddled than Germanys, whose arms and armies have attracted legions of devoted fans. This makes the capture of Tiger 131 as significant as it was enigmatic. The M26 arrived in the final months of the conflict . A large network of firms produced components for the Tiger, which were then transported by rail to Henschels factory in Kassel for final assembly, with a total construction time of around 14 days. Such fraud would have required the involvement of several people, and there are no indications this was widespread. Entering combat on September 23, 1942, near Leningrad, the Tiger I proved formidable but highly unreliable. ThoughtCo, Aug. 29, 2020, thoughtco.com/world-war-ii-tiger-i-tank-2361331. After trials, the Henschel design was considered superior and the more practical to mass produce, largely as the Porsche VK 4501 prototype design needed large quantities of copper a strategic war material that was in limited supply. Mounting the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun and thick armor, the Tiger proved formidable in combat and forced the Allies to alter their armor tactics and develop new weapons to counter it. These reports were classified and there is therefore no reason to believe that the reports were modified for propaganda reasons. The channel charts the combat effectiveness of the various tank battalions equipped with Tiger, comparing wartime and total losses versus the number of enemy tanks destroyed. For the purpose of this analysis, it is not important whether a loss was due to, for example, a British or an American M10 tank destroyer. Doing so requires a comparison with similar numbers on other armored vehicles in the same combat conditions. Huge fan of war history and rural history and a motorbike rider. Unused to its foibles when driving over tricky terrain, many got stuck, with the Tiger particularly vulnerable to immobilisation when mud, snow or ice froze between its interleaved Schachtellaufwerk-pattern road wheels. The Tiger was still at the prototype stage when it was quickly brought into service, and therefore changes were made throughout the production run, including a redesigned turret with a lower cupola. SHAEF, Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force. It is estimated that this caused the loss in production of some 657 Tiger IIs. Jack Beckett has been editor of War History Online since 2012. The actual number was 978 tanks in total 306 German and 672 Soviet, according to Zamulin. . All it took was a German adversary like the awe-inspiring Tiger tank with its 88-millimeter gun. 267 was to have used FuG 8 and FuG 5 radio sets, with the most notable external changes being a two-metre-long (6.6ft) rod antenna mounted on the turret roof and a Sternantenne D ("Star antenna D"), mounted on an insulated base (the 105mm Antennenfu Nr. This gun was aimed using Zeiss Turmzielfernrohr TZF 9b/9c sights and was renowned for its accuracy at long range. Anticipating the arrival of heavier German tanks, the British began development of a new 17-pounder anti-tank gun in 1940. [39], The Schwere Heeres Panzer Abteilung 501 (s.H.Pz.Abt. The Panzerkampfwagen VI Tiger tank was a German heavy tank that served on the Eastern Front, Western Front, and in North Africa during World War II. [45], On the Eastern Front, it was first used on 12 August 1944 by the 501st Heavy Panzer Battalion (s.H.Pz.Abt. When looking at the ratio of combat to non-combat losses, it is interesting to see that Tiger losses on the Eastern Front and Western Front ratios are almost identical, while the numbers for Africa and Italy are considerably worse. Notable tanks of the time included the German Panzer tanks, the famous Soviet T-34 tank (that proved so highly effective at the Battle of Kursk) and the US M4 Sherman tank. Powered turret traverse was provided by the variable speed Boehringer-Sturm L4S hydraulic motor, which was driven from the main engine by a secondary drive shaft. [citation needed] Krupp proposed mounting a new main weapon, the 10.5 cm KwK L/68. [11] It was armed with the long barrelled 8.8 cm KwK 43 L/71 anti-tank cannon. 504. Combined with the Turmzielfernrohr 9d (German "turret telescopic sight") monocular sight by Leitz, which all but a few early Tiger IIs used, it was a very accurate and deadly weapon. The initial design is often misleadingly called the "Porsche" turret due to the misbelief that it was designed by Porsche for their Tiger II prototype; in fact it was the initial Krupp design for both prototypes. [30], Apart from research, training, and a five-tank attachment to the Panzer Lehr, the Tiger II was only issued to heavy tank battalions (schwere Panzer-Abteilungen) of the German Army (Heer), or Waffen-SS. Featuring torsion bar suspension, the tank used a system of interleaved, overlapping road wheels running on a wide 725 mm (28.5 in) wide track. World War II: Tiger I Tank. Its heavy armour was also so thick that a crew (usually of 5) could mostly park in front of an enemy anti-tank gun without fear of harm. The numbers do indicate that without proper maintenance and recovery services, the Tiger tanks became vulnerable. All contents copyright Christian Ankerstjerne 2001-2023, unless otherwise stated. Likewise, the Soviet kept about 3,000 tanks in the Far East through much of the war." In addition to its near-impervious armour, it could also destroy an enemy tank from over a mile away, and on the right terrrain, was highly effective, causing the Allies to devote considerable time to tracking their movements. [30] There was also a program using the Simmering-Graz-Pauker Sla.16-cylinder diesel engine,[30] but the war's constraint on supplies and capitulation resulted in the cancellation of this program. 503) during the Battle of Normandy, opposing Operation Atlantic between Troarn and Demouville on 18 July 1944. According to certain sources the Allies in Europe lost about 140,000 tanks and 20,000 were due to mechanical break . Wa Prf 6 was not supportive of this as the Heer had not accepted the cannon itself. Tiger II tanks in France. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Their mission was to attack and advance into the enemys rear. Determining whether a loss should be listed a combat or non-combat loss can sometimes be difficult. It was surmised that this shot could have incapacitated the driver and front gunner. Actual tank combat focused on breaking through the lines of the opposing forces using superiority of force while anti-tank gun and tank destroyer units destroyed the tanks of the opponent. Paul Winter, in Defeating Hitler, states "these figures are undoubtedly too low"[15]. The tank broke down again every 1015km. Despite initial progress, the full effectiveness of the tank as a weapon was not fully realised until the inter-war years, and by the onset of World War Two, the tank had become a far more efficient and deadly weapon. [citation needed] A Wa Prf 1 report estimated that the Tiger II's frontal aspect was impervious to the Soviet 122mm D-25T, the largest calibre tank gun of the war. This was set against the loss of 25 Tiger IIs; ten were knocked out by Soviet troops and burned out, two were sent back to Vienna for a factory overhaul, while thirteen were blown up by their crews for various reasons, usually to prevent them from falling into enemy hands. "[20], Total material, arms and equipment losses, According to Grigori F. Krivosheev, the Soviet Union lost 1,014 ships of various classes, 314 were 1st, 2nd or 3rd class surface ships and submarines, 139, Angelucci, Enzo. Many crews had a mere fortnight to familiarise themselves with the Tiger before using it in combat. The categories and groups are listed to allow those who disagree with the classifications to create their own analysis. Privacy policy. Both combat groups were extraordinarily successful. Anderson, Thomas (2017). In combat, Tigers had the ability to dominate the battlefield as T-34s equipped with 76.2 mm guns and Shermans mounting 75 mm guns were unable to penetrate its frontal armor and only had success from the side at close range. The number of Tiger tanks reported to have been lost due to a lack of fuel is low, as is the number lost to Allied aircrafts. Further testing showed that the armour plate itself exhibited deficiencies in quality compared to earlier German tanks such as the Tiger I and Panther. Though intended as a stopgap measure until newer tanks could arrive, the Firefly proved highly effective against the Tiger and over 2,000 were produced. The German Tiger I tank. ThoughtCo. The Rand McNally Encyclopedia Of Military Aircraft, 1914-1980 (1988) p.546. During the two months it operated in Tunisia before the surrender of all Axis troops in Tunisia, s.Pz.-Abt. 226,300 Military cars and 97,470 Military motor-cycles destroyed or captured. As a result, only 1,347 Tiger Is were built as opposed to over 40,000 American M4 Shermans. Both the Henschel and Porsche companies displayed designs to Hitler at his base in Rastenburg for him to inspect. Underpowered like many of the World War II heavy tanks, the engines consumed a . A new video at the YouTube channel .css-3wjtm9{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.125rem;text-decoration-color:#1c6a65;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-3wjtm9:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Military History Visualized breaks down actual data on the German Tiger tanks. [14] We may earn commission if you buy from a link. Maintaining this fuel supply was tricky, and was susceptible to disruption by resistance fighters. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? document of February 1945 estimated that the British (76.2 mm) QF 17-pounder gun, using armour-piercing discarding sabot shot was theoretically capable of penetrating the front of the Tiger II's turret and nose (lower front hull) at 1,100 and 1,200yd (1,000 and 1,100m) respectively although, given the lack of a stated angle, this was presumably at the ideal 90 degrees and in combat the Tiger II was never penetrated frontally by the QF 17-Pounder. This does not take into account that the Tiger II was introduced when Germany's situation was considerably worse than when the Tiger I was introduced. British tank crews first encountered Tigers in January 1943. Photo: Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-721-0359-35 / Vennemann, Wolfgang / CC-BY-SA 3.0. Only a handful can be seen in museums and even fewer survive outside as monuments. What Was the Atlantic Wall and When Was It Built? [24], The command variant of the Tiger II was designated Panzerbefehlswagen Tiger Ausf. As the war dragged on, Germanys money and resources depleted. UK 15,844 tanks and 1,957 armoured cars lost. Moving forward, the first Durchbruchwagen prototypes were dropped a year later in favor of pursuing the more advanced medium VK3001(H) and heavy VK3601(H) designs. So was the Tiger tank great? The s.H.Pz.Abt 503 noted in 'Combat Report in Hungary, October 1944': The Abteilung saw combat in two groups under the command of different units. American forces with a captured Tiger I tank in North Africa, 1943. The Tiger was not destroyed, but it was driven off. The Tiger I was a 57 tonne German heavy tank that has become one of the most famous tanks in history. 6,126 tanks and self-propelled guns (~2,000 destroyed, ~4,000 captured by Germans in 1939-1940). [8] The Sd.Kfz. This content is imported from youTube. In trials at Rastenburg, the Henschel design proved superior and was selected for production under the initial designation Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. This was far beyond the range of the guns mounted on the Allied tanks, so before an Allied tank had any chance of destroying it, it had to be well inside the range of the Tiger. The M-4 Sherman tank, in particular, helped the U.S. Army win the wareven though, in battle, German tanks destroyed them en masse. America's M4 Sherman Tank, a WWII War Machine, World War II: Colonel General Heinz Guderian, World War II: The Battle of the Seelow Heights, World War II: North American B-25 Mitchell, M.S., Information and Library Science, Drexel University, B.A., History and Political Science, Pennsylvania State University. Green, Michael. As a result, the first 495 produced featured a fording system that allowed the tank to pass through water 4 meters deep. 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