In modern U.S. history, intervention in the Vietnam War (1955-1975) and the Middle East has become highly controversial. In October 2002, a National Intelligence Estimate stated that Iraq possessed "weapons of mass destruction," or WMD. The question confronting the U.S. in the Middle East today is, How can Washington craft a coherent strategy for a strategically incoherent region? There is one conventional wisdom regarding the Middle East Peace Process, which has already become axiomatic: There can be no peace without active American involvement. That's hard. In the early 1990s, the United States began emphasizing civil society development in the Middle East. in the region. The United States' current fragile economy is helped by trade with countries worldwide. What are the reasons I don't think that's changed, as we've seen with some of the recent flare-ups in Gaza. His highly arrogant approach towards reviving the treaty left Russian unhappy, and they walked away, leaving the treaty at the brink of collapse. There are plenty of situations and problems It set bases in several countries such as Italy, Japan, To learn more, read American Strategy in the Middle East Is on Its Last Legs with your subscription to World Politics Review. Over 4,000 US soldiers and hundreds of thousands of Iraqis died in the war. the balance of power in the Middle East is the problem for the US to maintain a The economic Generally, the February 2019 standoff between India and Pakistan served as a reminder of the challenges and opportunities that exist in South Asia. The bulk of During thetwenty-first century, South Asian countries have been facing and dealing with enormous problems. The sense of Jihadism reemerged to defend the Muslim world from Western The Middle East remains today a troublesome area for the United States. The interests that have long kept the United States involved in the Middle East are fairly clear. [12] Speier, Richard, George Nacouzi, Carrie Lee, and Richard Moore C O R P O R A T I O N. n.d. Hypersonic Missile Nonproliferation Hindering the Spread of a New Class of Weapons. Accessed May 5, 2021. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_reports/RR2100/RR2137/RAND_RR2137.pdf.. [13] MIRVs from the First to the Second Nuclear Age. n.d. Accessed May 5, 2021. https://www.stimson.org/wp-content/files/file-attachments/Lure_and_Pitfalls_of_MIRVs.pdf.. Even taking the US presence in Afghanistan out of the picture, the United States positions numerous bases, Forward Operation Sites (FOS) and Cooperative Security Locations (CSL) and forces along the Gulf littoral, as well as in the eastern Mediterranean and along the Horn of Africa. If the United States had less to do with the region, would that make Americans more or less safe? Iraq. n.d. Biden Administration to Seek Five-Year Extension on Key Nuclear Arms Treaty in First Foray with Russia. Washington Post. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. What's more, this route gives you the freedom to operate within the relevant Emirate and outside of a free zone. China could turn on the U.S. , China Anne Patterson: The current debate now is whether we should disengage and leave these countries to sort out their differences among themselves, which I think would be a recipe for, if not a disaster, at least a serious mistake because I don't think there's any evidence that they can sort out their differences among themselves. Over the last century, the Middle East has been the location of ethnic rivalry, political and economic instability, religious conflict, territorial dispute and war. to maintain the status quo. But he expressed zero interest in resurrecting the Palestinian-Israeli peace process. Another possible perspective on the nuclear arms reductions was the absence of China from these treaties, as Trump on several occasions voiced his concerns about Chinas non-availability on such platforms. Jon Alterman: However, the United States is not only focused on the region because of its oil. Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Jimmy Carter, 1980 State of the Union Address: The Soviet Union is now attempting to consolidate a strategic position, therefore, that poses a grave threat to the free movement of Middle Eastern oil. It mattered because of our dependence upon foreign oil at that time, and it mattered politically because the American peoplein response to the two oil shocks of the 1970sindicated clearly that it was unacceptable for them to have to pull up to a gas station and find a sign that said, We aint got no gas today.. In total, Trump announced withdrawal from over 12 treaties and accords in his four-year terms; three of those treaties are related to nuclear weapons and European security architecture. [1] While the other treaties are about the atomic arms limitations, The Arms Limitation treaties started from the 1972 ABM treaty. In that case, it may be helpful in resurrecting a fallen arms control regime. People speak English. The complex ethnic, religious and geographical The only disagreement is how bad it is. If and how the U.S. chooses to engage affects the region at a critical time, as power is transitioning from some monarchs who have been in place for many decades. As to the reasons for the United States military persistence over the The US controls most of the trade, with its export control restrictions, on both military as well other new technologies that can give their adversaries an edge in any future conflict. Now, unrestrained leaders are creating a pretty dangerous state of affairs, she added. that happened in January 2020 are the problems. What are the core assumptions people take for granted when considering the U.S. presence in the Middle East? Previously, Stephens was editor-in-chief of The Jerusalem Post, a position he assumed in 2002 at age 28. Suddenly, the United States had new interests around the world. Coming out of World War II, American strategists resolved that the United States must prevent any hostile force from dominating a region of critical geopolitical or geo-economic significance. When considering regional affairs, countries do -To help fix this issue, I propose that the US and Russiashould use New STARTs Bilateral Consultative Commission to amend the treaty and include language on hypersonic weapons and delivery vehicles as a part of an arms control agreement. the problems regarding military presence in the region? Security is the main reason for countries to allow US military bases in To date, the only known hypersonic missile in deployment is Russias Avangard, but that uses an ICBM, so it falls within the treaty, but this is not likely to be the norm in the future as Russia and the U.S. continue hypersonic weapons research. Iraq, anti-government protests happened in October 2019 and anti-US protests On the eve of the extension of the New Start treaty, the Russian Foreign minister expressed their willingness that Russia will welcome any such initiative to put a hypersonic weapons system into the New Start fold. Though the first nuclear treaties were not related to cutting the number of warheads or its delivery systems, as it was declaring areas or spaces which are off-limits for atomic weapons, this is why the worlds first arms control treaty, which was though multilateral, was Seabed Arms control treaty, the experience gained in negotiating a successful nuclear arms control treaty proved valuable for the upcoming Treaty, that made the complete architecture of the arms control framework. Yes, I think it does. Anne Patterson: People would argueI think some dothat our goal in terms of Israel's security has changed because Israel is now so powerful and militarily capable. American interests in the region are threatened by a host of adversaries from a resurgent Russia, a hegemonic Iranian desire and campaign of subversion, and Jihadi threat that has morphed from Al Qaeda to the Islamic State. States national interest will be violated. You had a little bit there. intervening in the region power vacuum after the USs withdrawal, the United Fifth, from a grand strategy perspective, Analysis of primary documents relating to US involvement in the Middle East. The US military presence has touched the The United States It could have been more viable in the current times, but strategic compulsions and a newly found place in global affairs influenced US behaviour. Middle East, Russia and China jumped in the region for their own stakes. changes have taken place in the Middle East: the Islamic extremist forces 1664 Words7 Pages. Both Russia and China insist they do not want to replace the U.S. in the Middle East, but they are still intent on expanding their regional influence. President Wilson's Fourteen Points outlined his ambitions for a post-war diplomatic order based on the rights of self-determination and democracy. Because of its great concerns, the United States persists in its Another example is Karim Alawi, a member of the Iraqi parliament At the same time, when U.S. officials leaned into promoting American ideals, they often felt they didnt get much to show for their efforts. secures the countries or increases hostility to neighbors. Palestinian conflict; Irans rapid rise. ISIS: The Pros and Cons of US Involvement Osama Ali, Staff Writer October 6, 2014 ISIS, also known as ISIL or the Islamic State, originated in 1999 as a group of radical Sunni Muslim jihadists in Iraq, associated with Al-Qaeda. The ABM treaty gave rise to fixed missile systems, as it was allowed under the Treaty to modernise other systems. In 2005, after the withdrawal of Syrian military forces from Lebanon and the subsequent election of a pro-Western Lebanese government, the Bush Administration pledged to help the LAF bolster domestic security and to strengthen . She served as a U.S. diplomat for more than four decadesmost recently as the assistant secretary for the Near East and North Africa from 2013 to 2017. Sarah Arkin, A06, Rachel Brandenburg, A05, and Negar Razavi, A06, were all active as undergraduates with IGL. Presidents and politicians have seen Israel as a like-minded strategic partner surrounded by adversaries, and the U.S. public has mostly agreed. Therefore, keeping a military Image source: slideshare.net Imperialism is a form of extending power or exercising influence over the weaker nation. Hypersonic and New START Why Wasnt it in the treaty? such as Russia and China, from their own economic or security perspective, aims This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. They cause hundreds of civilians and US soldiers dead and Would the intervention of the United States help resolve any of these issues in the Middle East? A few days later, Truman ordered U.S. troops to the aid of South Korea and convinced the United Nations (UN) to send military aid as well, in what was referred to in diplomatic circles as a "police action.". wounded. Jon Alterman: Those words by President Jimmy Carter came to be known as the Carter Doctrine, and they changed everything about the way that the United States engaged with the region. Jon Alterman: Makdisi says that shift solidified in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States realized that it no longer needed the support of the majority of the population in the Arab worldit just needed the leaders. If the order and hierarchy of the region were The domino theory was a Cold War policy that suggested a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling like a row of dominos. Anne Patterson: Do we have friends? Article 12. As the reasons for U.S. involvement in the Middle East fade and Washingtons role in the region diminishes, will another great power take Americas place? This aspect of the treaties was because of President Ronald Reagans famous phrase Trust but Verify, meaning that we value over relation and commitment with Russia, however both countries would stick to the verification and inspection process to make it an efficient treaty. They have exploited wars, state collapse and geopolitical upheaval in the Middle East, gained new footholds in Africa and pose an evolving threat elsewhere. As Russia and China seek more influence in the region, it However, It does not directly limit the number of nuclear warheads either nation may possess, (largely because warheads are difficult to track and account for after a country has developed the ability to create nuclear weapons and in sizeable quantities) instead, New START focuses on the nuclear warhead delivery systemsground-launched missiles, submarine-launched missiles, and heavy bomber aircraftby which these destructive payloads can be carried intercontinental distances. Paul Pillar (right), a former national intelligence officer, with teammate Aaron David Miller, argues that the U.S. should have a smaller military footprint in the Middle East. March 7, 2022. Learn more, in Its Time for America to Downgrade Its Alliance With Saudi Arabia with your subscription to World Politics Review. And what means is it willing to use to do so? The escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan could have been avoided or minimized if there had been effective communication and dialogue between the two countries. They were happy to take advice on what I call the mechanics of electionsthe balloting, the polls, and the poll watchers, all of which is importantbut not on the broad democratization of their society. He blogs at nationalinterest.org. See Media Page for more interview, contact, and citation details. a long way to go. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Israel, Saudi Arabia, Iraqi government. Now the core assumptions for U.S. involvement in the Middle East are collapsing. -As such, the U.S. or Russia could take advantage of this gap to build out their nuclear-capable missile forces and upend the nuclear balance between the two countries. Russia and China jumped in the Middle East remains today a troublesome area for the United States is not focused... 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