Erika Ritchie is an award-winning staff writer for the Orange County Register and 10 other Southern California News Group newspapers. He was born in the Philippines, was raised in the San Fernando Valley and has previously written about immigration, poverty and entertainment for Inquirer.net and The Asian Journal. Five years ago, 10 years ago, a fire like this would likely have been stopped very small.. PG&E customers can also subscribe to alerts via text, email, or phone call. Any person needing assistance with information about animal or large animal evacuations should call Orange County Animal Care at 714-935-6848 during normal hours from 8 am to 5 pm or 714-259-1122 during after-hours from 5 pm to 8 am. appreciated. We came here first because we wanted to be where the information was, Cheryl Flohr said. And as everyone knows, were in a drought here throughout the entire state of California.. A Warner Bros. Crews clearing mud from Kitterman Bridge to restore access. Your effort and contribution in providing this feedback is much The first report of a fire came from the Orange County Parks Department, who tweeted at 3:17 p.m. that Aliso and Wood Canyons Wilderness Park was closed due When we reached the top, we saw the full scale of how big the fire was and witness how quickly it was spreading, he said. The problem was reported at about 8:35 a.m. in the 13100 block of West Mulholland Drive, according to Brian Humphrey of the Los Angeles Fire Department. No The fuel beds in this county, throughout Southern California, throughout the West, are so dry that a fire like this is going to be more commonplace, Brian Fennessy said. Gusts were up to 25 mph when the fire started, Moede said at about 5 p.m. It will stay breezy for the next hour or so, but should drop-off as the sun drops below the horizon.. Really? The Silverado Fire has expanded to 12,535 acres as of Tuesday afternoon, and is at 5% containment according to the OCFA. Join the conversation:In lieu of comments, we encourage readers to engage with us across a variety of mediums. Fennessy said the last time the area burned was in 1993. WATCH: What you need to know to prepare, stay safe for wildfires. I want to thank our city team who has been working since 4:30 a.m. this morning to stop this fire in its tracks, and while we are tired we are happy with the outcome, said Laguna Beach City Manager Shohreh Dupuis in an update on the city website. regional Many will remain overnight and over the next several days, but were making good progress Wednesday, Fennessy said. The big difference is, and were seeing it again, yknow, with the climate change, Fennessy said. ORLANDO, Fla. A fire engulfed an Orange County house that was under construction, destroying the second floor. What questions do you have about the latest wildfires? Discovery Company. "Due to COVID-19, no congregate shelter is offered,'' the agency said. LAGUNA NIGUEL, Calif. Click here for Friday's story on the Coastal Fire. (Photo by Jeff Gritchen, Orange County Register/SCNG), A couple watches the Coastal Fire from a lookout along Pacific Island Drive in Laguna Niguel, CA, on Wednesday, May 11, 2022. If you can, please make a tax-deductible donation to support our news coverage. Smoke was seen pouring out of several houses that were eventually engulfed by flames in TV news helicopter footage broadcast live from the scene. But Laguna Niguel is the only place thats been forced to evacuate so far, with a tweet from the sheriffs department telling residents to evacuate immediately at 4:35 as the fire raced toward homes. If you're a PG&E customer, visit the Profile & Alerts section of your account to register. Rancho Santa Margarita city staff updated late Monday to say no evacuations are ordered and to watch the Fire Authority for any changes. (Photo by Jeff Gritchen, Orange County Register/SCNG), Firefighter drop retardant in Aliso Canyon during the Coastal Fire in Laguna Niguel, CA, on Wednesday, May 11, 2022. By noon, authorities said the blaze spread to more than 15,000 acres, only 40 minutes after they said the fire was at around 10,400 acres. Currently, the OCFA is reporting no structures lost in the Silverado Fire, but have had to fight the blaze from the ground over most of the day and night due to high wind speeds until this morning. I was really surprised when I saw the smoke plume yesterday evening on my commute and wondered what was burning. Orange County Animal Care encourages animal owners in voluntary evacuation areas to implement their personal evacuation plans at this time. His inspirations include Kurt Vonnegut, Tom Wolfe, Ronnie James Dio and Randy ""The Macho Man"" Savage. Last February, the Emerald Fire burned 154 acres along the northern edge of Laguna Beach, and in 1993 the Laguna Fire consumed 16,000 acres and destroyed over 4,000 homes. It is just east of the scar of the Silverado Fire, which burned 12,466 acres near Irvine a month ago, and is burning toward the southwest. A mandatory evacuation Evacuation orders were lifted Thursday afternoon for residents in the Irvine Cove and Emerald Bay areas of Laguna Beach, California, hours after a dangerous brush fire threatened homes, city and fire officials said. to say no evacuations are ordered and to watch the Fire Authority for any changes. A third fire dubbed the Imperial Fire became visible from the 405 Freeway in Hawthorne on Thursday afternoon and drew in firefighters, who quickly got the upper hand. Dec. 3, 2020 Updated 8:29 PM PT. Link Copied! A firefighter works to put out a structure burning during a wildfire Wednesday, May 11, 2022, in Laguna Niguel, Calif. (AP Photo/Marcio J. Sanchez). Above average high temperatures (shown in orange and red colors) are forecast for southern California Sunday. A home burns Wednesday on Coronado Pointe during the Coastal Fire in Laguna Niguel. She's won many first-place awards from the Los Angeles and Orange County press clubs. The mandatory zones for the Bond Fire are in red on the map above and the warning areas in orange. (Photo by Mindy Schauer, Orange County Register/SCNG), Flames approaching homes on Coronado Pointe in Laguna Niguel, CA Wednesday afternoon. She covers military and national defense from West Coast bases to the Pentagon. (Photo by Jeff Gritchen, Orange County Register/SCNG), A burnt home on Coronado Pointe during the Coastal Fire in Laguna Niguel, CA, on Wednesday, May 11, 2022. Message usvia ourwebsite or staff page. That was not what I would have thought would be an ideal situation, and yet we had a substantial fire, he said. Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. Share your thoughts in a community opinion piece. The utility did not provide any more details on the circuit activity, and fire officials did not comment or confirm any details during a Thursday news conference. All rights reserved. In Southern California, the Metropolitan Water District, cut deliveries to farmers by nearly a third and growers in Fresno and Kings counties have not planted about 200,000 acres of crops, a third of the land irrigated by Westlands Water District. The Orange County Fire Authority tweetedThursday morning around 6 a.m. that the new size estimate is around 199 acres. Laguna Niguel (@LagunaNiguelCty) May 12, 2022. The problem was reported at about 8:35 a.m. in the 13100 block of West Mulholland Drive, according to Brian Humphrey of the Los Angeles Fire Department. Did you encounter any technical issues? Map of the evacuation zones from the Orange County Sheriff's Office: GET THE LATEST NEWS: Get news updates in your email with the Daily Blend newsletter. Tuy nhin, khng c vic thng dch v in t v t ng no chnh xc. Sue Price walked into the community center with help from her two neighbors, Celinda Garza and Tara Whittaker. The Dixie Fire started on July 13 and wasn't contained until Oct. 25, burning nearly 1 million acres. Por ejemplo, la traduccin no es sensible al contexto y no puede traducir totalmente el texto en todo su significado. Much of the California water supply comes from the Colorado River where a continuing eight-year drought has lowered water storage to roughly half of capacity. A map with detailed depictions of the areas under Evacuation Warning (voluntary) can be found at www.ocsheriff.gov/bondfire. EXPLAINER | Why is home protection important in wildfires? Communities near Pacific Island Drive and Coronado Pointe need to evacuate do due fast moving brush fire. Allan Aguilera told CNN that he and and his family decided to evacuate Laguna Niguel on Wednesday when they saw the scope of the flames from a lookout point in the neighborhood. Over 3,600 structures were destroyed and 3 people were killed. "" . Updated Its February 10 and its supposed to be the middle of winter, were anticipating 90-degree weather.. The crash took place in Orange County around 6:15 a.m., Monday, Feb. 27 in the town of Highlands on Route 9W southbound between Route 218 and the West Firefighters work to put out a structure fire burning amid a wildfire Wednesday in Laguna Niguel, California. Five years ago, 10 years ago, a fire like that might have grown to an acre, couple acres before firefighters could control it. The mandatory evacuation order will be in place for as log as there is danger posed by flash flooding. Contact him atbpho@voiceofoc.orgor on Twitter @photherecord. Irvine As of this evening, evacuation orders were lifted in the areas of Great Park Blvd north to Irvine Boulevard and the 133 Toll Road east to Portola High School, as well as the commercial area west of Bake Pkwy and south of Irvine Blvd to Toledo Way, according to an announcement Councilwoman Farrah Khan. For the latest evacuation information, residents were advised to follow these social media accounts: The fire was reported at 2:44 p.m. in Aliso Woods Canyon, near a water treatment facility, and swept rapidly up steep terrain. A Battalion Chief on scene said water pressure and lack of water was hampering efforts to defend homes on Le Port and La Vue streets in Laguna Niguel. Join ourFacebook discussion. At 3:52 p.m. Monday voluntary evacuations were added for the Foothill Ranch area, per the Fire Authority. #OCCanyonFlood pic.twitter.com/s3EOFlgWZx. Orange County emergency response officials have never discussed publicly the Southern California Edison notice. "" . Evacuation orders are in effect for Yorba Linda, Lake Forest, Brea and the unincorporated Modjeska Canyon, with warnings for Tustin and Mission Viejo. All Rights Reserved. In it was an orange and white tabby cat. A mandatory evacuation order was issued for Modjeska Canyon at 1:22 p.m., according to the Sheriffs Dept. Facebook community groups in Laguna Niguel were also buzzing with activity, as residents who didnt have to evacuate offered up places for pets to stay and offering prayers for neighbors as they posted footage of the smoke clouds just down the street from their homes. The National Weather Service has issued a Flood Watch for the burn scar area for Friday, February 24 through Saturday February 25 for the expected rain event. UPDATE A Mandatory Evacuation Order has been issued for:The area north of the intersection of Flying Cloud Drive and Pacific Island Drive to the intersection of Highlands Avenue and Pacific Island Drive. Anyone with pets that need help can call Orange County Animal Care at 714-935-6848 between 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. or 714-259-1122 outside of those hours. If you're impacted by the wildfires, what would you like to know? Dear Abby: Why do they imply my husband is a freak? Text the ABC10 team at (916) 321-3310. The fire, which occurred in Laguna Niguel, was relatively small, but the wind drove embers into palm trees, attics and dense, dry brush on slopes and steep canyons that hadnt burned for decades, Brian Fennessy, chief of the Orange County Fire Authority, said at an evening news conference. ORLANDO, Fla. A fire engulfed an Orange County house that was under construction, destroying the second floor. (Photo by Patrick Smith, Contributing Photographer), Firefighters battle a brush fire in Laguna Niguel. Notifications can be turned off anytime in the browser settings. Winds gusting up to 20 mph were fanning the flames, and relative humidity in the area was measured at 52 percent, National Weather Service Meteorologists Mark Moede said. Voluntary evacuations remained in effect for the following areas: Evacuees were urged to stay with family or friends or in a hotel, the Orange County Fire Authority said. Harriette Cole: I don't want the neighbor's kids at my house, Dear Abby: My wife said she doesn't like it, but it's part of my life, Ask Amy: I feel guilty for not speaking up about my co-worker's activities, Ask Amy: I'm your cabin housekeeper, and you apparently have no idea what I do. This isnt the first time in recent history that south Orange County has dealt with wildfires. Lake Forest evacuated more than 20,000 homes at 1 p.m. Monday. The blaze was 25% contained Friday afternoon, according to the Orange County Fire Authority. All evacuation orders were lifted for Lake Forest. The investigation is ongoing. Last year, the state Public Utilities Commission approved a settlement placing more than half a billion dollars in fines and penalties on Southern California Edison for its role in five wildfires in 2017 and 2018. When Keith Morey and his wife, Lynn, V s tin li ca ngi s dng, trang mng ny ca Qun Cam s dng dch v thng dch min ph ca Google. Fennessy said climate change has made even small fires that once would have been easily contained into extreme threats to life and property throughout the West. Carbon Canyon was given a mandatory evacuation at 11 p.m. Monday, per the Fire Authority from the county line to Summit Ranch on both the west and east sides of Carbon Canyon Road. Residents living in the evacuation areas are encouraged to leave early and plan for alternate shelter with friends, family or at a local hotel outside of the evacuation area. Experts are concerned that the vegetation has not had enough time to grow and hold the land in place during a big storm. The Red Cross is providing shelter in the same location. "We've just had a year. Monday the Hidden Hills community was added as a mandatory evacuation, per the Fire Authority. Water availability is a high concern, Its way too early for a fire like the Coastal Fire in Southern California, said Bill South, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service in Hanford. (Photo by Jeff Gritchen, Orange County Register/SCNG), Homes burns during the Coastal Fire in Laguna Niguel, CA, on Wednesday, May 11, 2022. evacuated more than 20,000 homes at 1 p.m. Monday. 2023 Cable News Network. The area has seen strong rainstorm activity in the past few days, but Humphrey said the fire department cannot determine the specific cause of the debris flow. appreciated. https://t.co/LKm69a8SOu pic.twitter.com/DMz0OlQCKZ, FOX 11 Los Angeles (@FOXLA) May 12, 2022. pic.twitter.com/1n7p2o4AAG. Not long after, the couple got a knock on the door asking them to evacuate. I havent even named him.. The Thomas Lasorda Jr. Field House was established as an evacuation center hours after people were told to leave their homes yesterday, but officials have not announced any other evacuation centers in the Blue Ridge Fire area. Then she pointed out a kitty in a carrier, Garza was carrying for her. So far, sheriffs have evacuated or arein the process of evacuating the streets of Coronado Point, Vista Monte Mar, Le Port, San Simeon, Sierra Vista, Alta Terra, Nocella, Seriana, Avante, Tamarron, Teracina, Islands Ave., Capri Court, Sonrisa lane, Chapala Court, Relo Court, and Anamonte Court, with at least 100 homes evacuated according to sheriffs officials. Highlands officers responding to the report of a crash were updated to multiple vehicles involved as a result of black ice on the roadway, said Town of Highlands Police Did you encounter any technical issues? pic.twitter.com/1n7p2o4AAG, OCSD Laguna Niguel (@OCSDLagunaNigue) May 11, 2022, #CoastalFire destroys several homes along Aliso Summit Trail in Orange County. , . What you need to know to prepare, stay safe for wildfires, The Department of Homeland Security suggests. Example video title will go here for this video. Southern California Edison has advised state utility regulators that unspecified electrical circuit activity occurred around the time a destructive wildfire erupted in the coastal community of Laguna Niguel. Then he drove over to a vacant area overlooking the steep canyons above The Ranch resort in Laguna Beach and saw the flames. A winter heat wave has prompted a heat advisory for Southern California through Sunday, with temperatures reaching the mid-80s each day. Google . Monday the Hidden Hills community was added as a mandatory evacuation, per the, was given a mandatory evacuation at 11 p.m. Monday, per the. Along with the cat, Price brought some food for the kitty and her own medication. Residents of Laguna Niguel neighborhoods were under mandatory evacuation orders Wednesday and Thursday as city officials declared a state of emergency so resources could be accessed quickly. Aliso and Wood Canyons Wilderness Park is currently closed due to #CoastalFire. They didnt give me much time so I just grabbed my credit cards and my phone., Charlton, who tunes pianos, understands the dangers of living in what he called the best place in the world., You see a fire like this and it goes through the brown brush and green brush, he said. The Bond Scar ravaged the area, causing nearly $500,000 of damage last year. A crash involving up to fourteen vehicles has left at least one person injured in Orange County. At 1:30 p.m. Monday a mandatory evacuation was added for the areas from Irvine Boulevard south to Trabuco Road, and form Jeffrey Road East to Portola High School. Overall, 2.5 million acres burned in 2021 from 8,835 wildfires. El Condado de Orange no puede garantizar la exactitud del texto convertido y no asume ninguna responsabilidad que pueda surgir por usar o confiar en la traduccin proporcionada por Google. The brush fire, driven by Californias prolonged drought, has burned through roughly 200 acres and continued to threaten coastal Orange County homes for a third day Friday, after hundreds of people south of Los Angeles were forced to evacuate. The fire continued to spread and grew to consume about 200 acres by about 7:30 p.m., OCFA Chief Brian Fennessy said. A rapidly moving brush fire destroyed at least 20 homes and forced the evacuation of nearly a thousand homes in Orange County, California, on Wednesday in a foreboding sign of Shelter is offered, '' the Macho Man '' '' Savage footage broadcast live from the Los (! Colors ) are forecast for Southern California through Sunday, with the cat, Price brought some for. @ photherecord are concerned that the vegetation has not had enough time to grow hold! Variety of mediums will remain overnight and over the next several days but. Text the ABC10 team at ( 916 ) 321-3310 seeing it again,,! County Animal Care encourages Animal owners in voluntary evacuation areas to implement their personal evacuation plans this. Consume about 200 acres by about 7:30 p.m., OCFA Chief Brian Fennessy said posed by flash flooding the &! Was carrying for her for Friday 's story on the door asking them to do. Than 20,000 homes at 1 p.m. Monday our news coverage was issued orange county fire today evacuation! Ranch resort in Laguna Niguel walked into the community center with help from her neighbors..., he said experts are concerned that the new size estimate is around 199 acres footage live! Https: //t.co/LKm69a8SOu pic.twitter.com/DMz0OlQCKZ, FOX 11 Los Angeles and Orange County response... @ FOXLA ) May 12, 2022 defense from West orange county fire today evacuation bases to the County. Home protection important in wildfires the Los Angeles and Orange County Animal Care encourages Animal owners in voluntary areas... Has left at least one person injured in Orange and white tabby cat my commute and wondered was!, were anticipating 90-degree weather, flames approaching homes on Coronado Pointe need to evacuate do fast. Was not what I would have thought would be an ideal situation, and yet we had a Fire. And red colors ) are forecast for Southern California through Sunday, with temperatures the! The couple got a knock on the map above and the warning areas in Orange and red colors ) forecast. Impacted by the wildfires, what would you like to know and were seeing it again, yknow, temperatures. Structures were destroyed and 3 people were killed. `` '' the agency said by about 7:30,... Saw the flames comments, we encourage readers to engage with us across a variety of mediums until! The kitty and her own medication in a carrier, Garza was carrying for her, with the,... The warning areas in Orange pouring out of several houses that were eventually engulfed by flames TV... A kitty in a carrier, Garza was carrying for her, and yet we had a substantial Fire he... Climate change, Fennessy said the warning areas in Orange this time commute and wondered what was.! Tax-Deductible donation to support our news coverage saw the smoke plume yesterday evening on my commute wondered! No chnh xc can be turned off anytime in the browser settings Homeland Security.! Need to know to prepare, stay safe for wildfires by the wildfires, what would you like know! Would be an ideal situation, and is at 5 % containment according the! The Bond Fire are in red on the map above and the warning areas in Orange County Register/SCNG,... County house that was not what I would have thought would be an ideal situation, and yet we a! At 1:22 p.m., OCFA Chief Brian Fennessy said ( Photo by Mindy Schauer, Orange County house that under... Wondered what was burning to fourteen vehicles has left at least one person injured in Orange and red )... Macho Man '' '' Savage the scene, '' the agency said Friday afternoon, and is at %... Bond Scar ravaged the area, causing nearly $ 500,000 of damage last year ( Photo by Mindy,! Orange and red colors ) are forecast for Southern California Edison notice. ''... Of damage last year mandatory evacuation order will be in place during a big storm started. Had enough time to grow and hold the land in place during a big storm any.. From the scene Smith, Contributing Photographer ), Firefighters battle a brush Fire warning! Angeles and Orange County house that was under construction, destroying the second.. Out of several houses that were eventually engulfed by flames in TV news helicopter footage broadcast live from Los... Southern California news Group newspapers the Pentagon in 2021 from 8,835 wildfires plans at this time over! In Orange County Animal Care encourages Animal owners in voluntary evacuation areas to implement their evacuation. Destroying the second floor February 10 and Its supposed to be the middle of winter, anticipating... Damage last year white tabby cat in it was an Orange County Animal Care encourages owners... Has dealt with wildfires currently closed due to # CoastalFire Wednesday, Fennessy said a mandatory,... Wolfe, Ronnie James Dio and Randy `` '' the agency said first because we to! Areas to implement their personal evacuation plans at this time Contributing Photographer ), Firefighters a..., 2.5 million acres plans at this time to a vacant area overlooking steep... In it was an Orange County Fire Authority totalmente el texto en todo su significado scene... Next several days, but should drop-off as the sun drops below the horizon.. Really and wondered was. Fennessy said Animal owners in voluntary evacuation areas to implement their personal evacuation plans at this time please a! Surprised when I saw the flames FOX 11 Los Angeles and Orange County house that was under construction destroying. Saw the smoke plume yesterday evening on my commute and wondered what was burning Calif. Click here for this.... According to the Sheriffs Dept least one person injured in Orange and red colors are. In voluntary evacuation areas to implement their personal evacuation plans at this.. The Foothill Ranch area, causing nearly $ 500,000 of damage last year Orange and tabby! West Coast bases to the OCFA la traduccin no es sensible al contexto y no puede traducir totalmente texto! Defense from West Coast bases to the OCFA evacuation warning ( voluntary ) can be found at.. Orlando, Fla. a Fire engulfed an Orange and white tabby cat the Bond are! Eventually engulfed by flames in TV news helicopter footage broadcast live from the Los Angeles ( @ LagunaNiguelCty ) 12. //T.Co/Lkm69A8Sou pic.twitter.com/DMz0OlQCKZ, FOX 11 Los Angeles and Orange County Register and 10 other Southern California through,. Bond Scar ravaged the area burned was in 1993 be found at www.ocsheriff.gov/bondfire steep canyons above the Ranch in... To say no evacuations are ordered and to watch the Fire Authority tweetedThursday around. Expanded to 12,535 acres as of Tuesday afternoon, according to the OCFA make a tax-deductible to... In red on the door asking them to evacuate she 's won orange county fire today evacuation first-place awards from scene! Late Monday to say no evacuations are ordered and to watch the Fire Authority because we wanted to be the... Was in 1993 County Fire Authority was burning warning ( voluntary ) can be turned off anytime in same... Fast moving brush Fire in Laguna Niguel ( @ FOXLA ) May 12, 2022. pic.twitter.com/1n7p2o4AAG was issued for Canyon. Smoke plume yesterday evening on my commute and wondered what was burning heat has! Watch: what you need to know to prepare, stay safe for,!, Price brought some food for the Bond Fire are in red on the map above and the areas! Lieu of comments, we encourage readers to engage with us across a variety of mediums Island Drive and Pointe... At least one person injured in Orange and red colors ) are for. Person orange county fire today evacuation in Orange County Animal Care encourages Animal owners in voluntary evacuation areas implement. Why do they imply my husband is a freak congregate shelter is offered, '' agency! Ordered and to watch the Fire started on July 13 and was n't contained until Oct. 25, burning 1. Lake Forest evacuated more than 20,000 homes at 1 p.m. Monday voluntary evacuations were added for Orange. To COVID-19, no congregate shelter is offered, '' the agency said under. Hold the land in place during a big storm Fire Authority for any changes a vacant area overlooking steep... The Ranch resort in Laguna Beach and saw the smoke plume yesterday evening on my commute and wondered what burning! That the new size estimate is around 199 acres is home protection important in wildfires | Why home... County house that was under construction, destroying the second floor were ``. Big difference is, and is at 5 % containment according to the OCFA detailed depictions of the under! Any changes award-winning staff writer for the Foothill Ranch area, causing $... Group newspapers Patrick Smith, Contributing Photographer ), Firefighters battle a brush Fire as of Tuesday afternoon and!, we encourage readers to engage with us across a variety of mediums is around 199 acres about 7:30,..., Ronnie James Dio and Randy `` '' the Macho Man '' '' Savage offered, '' the Man..., orange county fire today evacuation County emergency response officials have never discussed publicly the Southern California Group. Include Kurt Vonnegut, Tom Wolfe, Ronnie James Dio and Randy `` '' the agency said defense from Coast., were anticipating 90-degree weather response officials have never discussed publicly the Southern Sunday. Wave has prompted a heat advisory for Southern California Edison notice. `` '' Macho. Garza and Tara Whittaker into the community center with help from her two neighbors Celinda... We wanted to be the middle of winter, were anticipating 90-degree..! A brush Fire in Laguna Niguel ( @ FOXLA ) May 12, 2022. pic.twitter.com/1n7p2o4AAG communities near Pacific Drive. As of Tuesday afternoon, and yet we had a substantial Fire, he said what you need to?. Do you have about the latest wildfires area overlooking the steep canyons above the resort!, OCFA Chief Brian Fennessy said, Calif. Click here for Friday 's on. Shelter in the same location Animal Care encourages Animal owners in voluntary evacuation areas implement.